GEOGRAPHY ANSWER

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*GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS*
1a and 1b)
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(1c)
Gradient = vertical height/horizontal height.
= 1100 - 850/12.4×50,000
=250ft
=250/6.2km
=40.32ft/km
(1d)
(i) It is the major drainage of the mapped area.
(ii) It has a trellis drainage pattern.

: (1d)
(i) It is the major drainage of the mapped area.
(ii) It has a trellis drainage pattern.F
2c)
-If well constructed it shows distribution and comparative densities

-It is easier to show variation in distribution of wide variety of commodities if it is presented using different colours.

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4ai)
i)caves
ii)sinkholes
iii)skyline landscapes

4aii)
Drawing

4b)
i)Limestone are all used to neutralise excess acidity of soil in agriculture practice.
ii)Limestone is used as a building material.
iii)It is used in industries to purify iron in blast furnaces.
iv)It used in Glass making.

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*5A*
Diagram loading

*5B*
*i.* The length of the minor arc of a great circle is taken as the distance between two points on a surface of a sphere in Riemannian geometry where such great circles are called Riemannia circles.
*ii.* These great circles are the geodesics of the sphere.
*Iiii* For most pairs of points on the surface of a sphere, there is a unique great circle through the two points.

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8a)
i)Encroachment : More migration lead to less availability of land which lead to higher economic value of land.

ii)Pollution: Explosive increase in the urban population without corresponding expansion of civic facilities such as lack of adequate infrastructure for the disposal of waste results in waste clogging the natural channels and storm water drains.

iii)Illegal mining activities: Illegal mining for building material such as sand and quartzite both on the catchment and on the bed of the lake have extremely damaging impact on the water body.

iv)Interference in drainage system:
Drainage congestion caused by badly planned construction of bridges , roads , railway tracts, hampers the flow of water and the result is flood.

8b)
- Flooding leads to loss of human life
- Flooding leads to damage to property
- It leads to destruction of crops

8c)
i)Improving Drainage
Improving water drainage helps control floods by facilitating easy flow of excess water, especially in urban areas during flash floods.

ii)Building Dikes and Levees Dikes and levees are flood-control structures built to fight river flooding and water surges.

iii)Building Canals
Canals are artificial water channels that can be crucial to flood prevention. Canals facilitate control of water levels passing through, and form linear reservoirs and water locks.

iv)Harvesting Rain Water
Harvesting rainwater involves collecting and storing rainwater and can not only prevent floods, it can also curb urban water scarcity.
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(5a)
Draw the diagram Lunar eclipse or eclipse of the moon is a situation whereby the earth comes between the sun and the moon in the straight line. Then a shadow from the earth covers the moon, which means that the moon is completely shut off from the sun's light.
(5b)
(i) Great circles divide the earth into two equal halves.
(ii) They run from the north to the south pole except the equator that run from the East to the West through the centre.
(iii) The centre of the great circle is also the centre of the earth.
(5c)
(i) They are used to determine the location of a place on the surface of the earth.
(ii) They are used to determine the local time.
(iii) They are used to determine Change in seasons.